近40a来若尔盖盆地沙丘时空变化   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

魏振海  董治宝  胡光印  逯军峰 《中国沙漠》2010,30(1):26-32

在野外考察基础上对1966年地形图和1977年、1994年、2001年、2006年遥感影像进行目视解译,并以沙丘面积增加/减少数量、沙丘面积年均增长率、沙丘分布重心等指标来分析1966—2006年间沙丘时空变化。结果显示,沙丘扩张,分布重心向东南偏移。沙丘扩张主要源于沙源扩展,包括河漫滩与江心洲出露面积增加、草地退化沙质土壤出露、湖泊干涸湖底裸露、沼泽疏干。气象数据与人文统计数据分析表明,沙源扩展与近年来气温升高、降水减少、人口增长、牲畜增加有关。沙丘分布重心向东南偏移是因为起沙风主导风向为西风、北风及西北风。  相似文献   

电力系统地震功能失效数值模拟与控制分析     

柳春光  林均岐 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(5)

本文研究了电力供应系统地震功能失效评估方法,尤其对电力供应系统功能潮流分析方法与负荷的控制问题作了深入的探讨.不仅分析了供电系统的潮流(包括电压和功率)变化对供电系统的影响问题,而且建立了电流控制模型,利用DSEA控制算法对供电系统进行负荷控制,并在此基础上进行了系统过负荷时的数值模拟研究;另外,通过一实例分析,对本文的研究方法进行了验证,从而为供电系统抗震分析、功能评估及灾害预防提供理论基础.  相似文献   

Carbon accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency of Sophora davidii seedlings in response to nitrogen supply and water stress   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F.Z. Wu  W.K. Bao  Z.Q. Zhou  N. Wu 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(12):1067-1073

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to explore whether additional nitrogen (N) supply could enhance carbon (C) accumulation, and phosphorus (P) use efficiency (NUE_P) of Sophora davidii seedlings under dry conditions. Two-month-old seedlings were subjected to a completely randomized design with three water (80, 40 and 20% water field capacity (FC)) and three N supply (N0: 0, Nl: 92 and Nh: 184 mg N kg⁻¹ soil) regimes. Water stress decreased C, N and P accumulation, NUE_P, N and P uptake efficiency (NUtE_N and NUtE_P) regardless of N supply. The S. davidii seedlings exhibited strong responses to N supply, but the responses were not consistent with the various N supply levels. Nl increased C, N and P accumulation, and improved NUE_P, NUtE_N and NUtE_P in the same water treatment. In contrast, Nh did few or even depress effects on C, N and P accumulation, and NUE_P, although NUtE_N and NUtE_P increased with Nh in the same water treatment. Even so, NUE_N decreased with increase of N supply in the same water treatment. The results suggested that appropriate or low N supply should be recommended for S. davidii seedling establishment in dry environment by improving C accumulation and NUE_P.  相似文献   

长江宜昌段水系沉积物镉高值带成因   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

夏锦霞  李方林  杨东 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(2):305

应用贡献因子和富集因子等方法对长江宜昌段水系沉积物Cd的来源进行研究,结果表明：研究区内地层对宜昌段水系沉积物Cd的贡献由大到小依次为：震旦系>二叠系>泥盆系>志留系;前震旦系、寒武系、奥陶系、三叠系、侏罗系和白垩系地层则对长江宜昌段Cd高值带的形成有一定的削弱作用。利用贡献因子、富集因子和MapGIS空间分析综合研究表明,震旦系和二叠系含矿富Cd地层的风化产物是长江宜昌段Cd高值带的主要自然来源。区内锌矿、煤矿和磷矿开采过程中的尾砂、废水的堆积和排放是长江宜昌段Cd高值带的重要人为污染源。  相似文献   

Modern pollen rain in the Lake Qinghai basin,China     

SHANG Xue    LI XiaoQiang  AN ZhiSheng  JI Ming  & ZHANG HongBin  State Key Lab of Loess & Quaternary Geology  Institute of Earth Environment  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi’an  China  Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(10):1510-1519

Lake Qinghai is the largest inland brackish lake in China and lies within the NE Tibetan Plateau. Our study shows that pollen assemblages in each vegetation belt are significantly correlated with the vegetation types of this area. Among the herbaceous and shrubby pollen assemblages, Artemisia is over-represented, while Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Polygonaceae are under-represented. Artemisia/ Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratios with the regional vegetation characteristic can be used as a proper index to reconstruct the...  相似文献   

Dissolution/crystallization kinetics recorded in the 2002–2003 lavas of Stromboli (Italy)     

Alessandro Fornaciai  Patrizia Landi  Pietro Armienti 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2009,71(6):631-641

On 28 December 2002, new vents opened on the flanks of Stromboli, just below the summit craters, interrupting the persistent activity of the volcano with a 7-month-long effusive eruption. We here report on the plagioclase size distribution (PlgSD) in lava samples collected following the chronology of the 2002–2003 eruption. Data reveal a linear PlgSD similar to that found in samples of normal Stromboli activity, indicating that the switch from Strombolian explosive to effusive activity is not associated with changes in texture. Nevertheless, the crystal size distribution slopes and intercepts exhibit slight sinusoidal temporal variations that are here ascribed to a magma supply mechanism able to induce “resonance” in the crystal size distribution, with an amplitude that depends on the supply rate.  相似文献   

Identification and quantification of mixed sources of oil spills based on distributions and isotope profiles of long-chain n-alkanes     

Yun Li  Yongqiang Xiong 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(12):1868-1873

Combined with quantitative determination of concentration and isotopic composition of petroleum hydrocarbons, weathering simulation experiments on artificially mixed oils and their two end-member oils are performed for identification and quantification of mixed sources. The >C₁₈n-alkanes show no appreciable losses during a short-term weathering process. An approach based on distribution of long-chain n-alkanes (>C₁₈) is suggested for estimating the contribution proportion of each source in mixed oils. Stable carbon isotope profile of individual n-alkanes is a powerful tool to differentiate sources of oil spills, but unavailable to accurately allocate each contribution due to a relatively large analytical error.  相似文献   

不同沙源供给条件下砾石床面的风沙流结构与蚀积量变化风洞实验研究   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

张伟民  汪万福  张克存  柳本立 《中国沙漠》2009,29(6):1015-1020

通过对不同沙源供给条件下各种砾石床面的风沙流结构、床面风蚀及堆积沙量变化的风洞实验,结果表明,风沙流结构是判断戈壁风沙流饱和与不饱和的一个重要途径,不同的戈壁风沙流结构对床面输、阻沙特性具有不同的指示意义。近地表0～6 cm高度内的风沙流结构决定了床面的输、阻性质,而6 cm以上的风沙流结构反映了风力对沙物质的输送状况。沙源供给的丰富与否,决定了风沙流的饱和程度,以及风沙流在砾石床面产生的蚀积状况。同等风速条件下,饱和风沙流的输沙率是非饱和风沙流输沙率的2～8倍。在饱和风沙流情形下,床面过程总体以积沙为主,且随风力的增强,床面积沙量急剧增加。在不饱和风沙流情形下,砾石床面总体以风蚀和输送沙物质过程为主,风沙流结构在0～2 cm高度内反映出砾石床面具有明显的阻沙功能,在2～5 cm高度上出现最大输沙值。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲地区城中村土地供求的动态均衡分析     

魏开  许学强 《热带地理》2012,32(4):416-422

土地问题是我国城中村研究的核心问题。在对珠江三角洲地区城中村进行实地调研的基础上,就城中村主体的行为特征、城中村土地供应和需求的基本特征进行了总结。以理论推导与现实印证相结合的方法,基于经济学中的供求理论,对城中村土地供求变化进行了动态均衡分析。从村庄"内部人"的视角,考察在各种内外部因素变动(征地与留用地,城中村改造,村民城市化转型)的情况下,城中村主体如何实现土地的供应和需求均衡。总体上,城中村土地变化表现为土地需求被动地追随(因征地而发生的)供应减少而下降,以实现供求均衡。具体而言,在城中村形成阶段,供求均衡借助乡村工业化,即农业用地转为工业用地而实现;在城中村存续阶段,存在土地供求的逐渐失衡;在城中村改造阶段,供求均衡最终必须通过城市化,即村民转为市民而实现。  相似文献   

中国煤炭资源供应格局演变及流动路径分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高卫东  姜巍 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(2):9-14

利用1949—2008年的相关统计数据,分析中国煤炭资源供应格局和流动路径,结果表明:(1)国家政策变动对中国煤炭资源消费规模影响深刻,每一次政策变化都会造成能源消费规模的波动,近年来强烈的能源需求使得我国煤炭供应不得不面临进口的现实;(2)受能源需求和资源禀赋的双重压力,大规模、跨区域、长距离的煤炭运输成为我国能源运输体系的重要特征;(3)尽管煤炭运输方式在向铁路、水路和公路组合并用的多元化发展,但仍然不能满足旺盛的能源需求,煤炭运输瓶颈始终存在,变输煤为输电是缓解当前煤炭运输困难的一个途径。  相似文献